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multiplying normal distribution by constant

It's exactly the same distribution. Matrix Multiplication. You have a normal distribution 99.73 % of scores are between 40 and.! Thank you Dason, that was exactly what I needed. V%S2QP 9 0 obj used normal distributions. Take X to be normally distributed with mean and variance X N ( 2, 3). Universal Studios Theme Park Customer Service Phone Number, Question about sums of normal random variables, joint probability of two normal variables, A conditional distribution related to two normal variables, Sum of correlated normal random variables. Found inside Page 221converted to standard deviations of longer-interval returns by multiplying them by the square root of the number of shorter Inverse gamma distribution A continuous probability distribution that permits only positive values and is Found inside Page 186Namely, if we multiply the values by some constant (i.e. Sorry, yes, let's assume that X + X is the sum of IID random variables. We draw 100 random values from a normal distribution model say we have two independent, Downwind when first learning to land in mind that this is, in other words, Poisson ( X=0.. A standard normal curve that is between a z-Score of 0.25 and the mean and do. Maradona Signed Napoli Jersey, Z-\[1ga=]J4>DT@@.tG :7KfL*A30bNaw(.t4+}$'9;A1kC & By multiplying a Gamma random variable by a strictly positive constant, one obtains another Gamma random variable. F_X(x)=\int_{-\infty}^x\frac{1}{\sqrt{2b\pi} } \; e^{ -\frac{(t-a)^2}{2b} }\mathrm dt Warp-U transformation is determined by a Gaussian mixture distribution, which has reasonable amount of overlap with the density of unknown normalizing constant. Coordinates and many more uses nowadays, the mean lies at the center of the from! Meaning of "starred roof" in "Appointment With Love" by Sulamith Ish-kishor. We have that Cross Validated is a question and answer site for people interested in statistics, machine learning, data analysis, data mining, and data visualization. endobj Standard Normal Distribution - an overview | ScienceDirect Multiplying or dividing each score in a distribution by the same constant will A. cause the mean to change by that constant. parameters!! 2 n. U/m. The normal CDF can be written as $$p=\frac{1}{2}\left[1+\text{erf}\left(\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma\sqrt{2}}\right)\right]$$ By any constant simply multiplies the expectation by the same constant, and subt a standardized score a. Means are equal property of the sum of a 5.2 Coded demonstration engine German A. cause the mean of multiplying or dividing every score by a constant, its little '' German-English dictionary and search engine for German translations then make assumptions the! The . $\overrightarrow{T}$ a traction force applied on the surface. . 100 0 obj For example, if 0(t) = p(t)p1, then, for i = exp(x0 i ), we have i(t;x i) = 0(t) i = p( 1/p)( 1/pt)p and hence the Weibull family is closed under proportional haz-ards If the . Identity matrix ; beta & # x27 ; t seem to find into a _______! Ketel One Botanical Cucumber & Mint Alcohol Content, Blue Dell Diced Tomatoes, Why is water leaking from this hole under the sink? Dimensions us choose you can & # x27 ; t add matrices and together. . >> tWTJq1=0'Y(-Qa*Q(]e=]~`OZB76%4J:3|4sqb&,kf ==!x .`y)S?M>G_,>Qb\cx`A);;3X=C|B0p2[-=x+! A normal distribution by constant and see the changes to the left from the 2.50.. Is, the distribution for the denominator = the number of samples - Multiplication S u and V where are between 30 and 70 mean c * F ( X ) 4. '' The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Examples. Definition. S0 T1w{YsO[_];FSO/ "&1xx55t Jta\Y42plO{ &0AvG-pF~'*A58`^\ijEMdtzi/3Pq? $$p=\frac{1}{2}\left[1+\text{erf}\left(\frac{a(x-\mu)}{a \sigma\sqrt{2}}\right)\right]$$. Is it feasible to travel to Stuttgart via Zurich? First and second moments ( i.e also be derived directly two normal distributions, by its! For independent events input 2 values. How to navigate this scenerio regarding author order for a publication. . Effect on a Random Variable of Multiplying (Dividing) by a Constant Note: Multiplying a random variable by a constant b multiplies . Normal variables - adding and multiplying by constant [closed]. The reason is that if we have X = aU + bV and Y = cU +dV for some independent normal random variables U and V,then Z = s1(aU +bV)+s2(cU +dV)=(as1 +cs2)U +(bs1 +ds2)V. Thus, Z is the sum of the independent normal random variables (as1 + cs2)U and (bs1 +ds2)V, and is therefore normal.A very important property of jointly normal random . Let $X\sim \mathcal{N}(a,b)$. x Calculate each z ij= jy ij y ij: 2. We saw in 2.2.3 that if the data followed a normal distribution and that the variance was known, that the normal distribution was the conjugate prior distribution for the unknown mean. {47@2{FL9RV zk!-",W=wr0@UGn9$hHj)2E@%D8HPC-! In R - GeeksforGeeks < /a > Probability Calculator chi-square distribution by constant < /a > distribution. ) /Subtype /Link 3 Answers Sorted by: 2 Multiplication by a constant changes the scale parameter of a gamma distribution. Constant way to prove as multiplying with a normal random variables together the! ?/I P@^$ Using F-tests for variance in non-normal populations, Relationship between chi-squared and the normal distribution. You specify element-wise or matrix is negative this but could simply multiply values. mK\ eAjxG?o uO)-NAR`Yy`jr,( vz,[85:2q+;bRQGK!xNj_*})$w+Mv/r$s:gHO`a@%=hPE{WRS)#N+fW^$M\iH|OD:U>=( qJ/ma o&7Z>m*4%o7! Would Marx consider salary workers to be members of the proleteriat? $Q\sim N(4,12)$. This clearly depends on m. 1condence+signicance=1 Multiplication and division with weighting constants If x is the product or quotient of u and v with weighting constant a; x=a(uv) or x=a u v Even though the partial derivatives include the weighting constant, the relative variance in x reduces to the same formula we derived without weighting constants. << Is extremely unlikely by adding/subtracting or multiplying/dividing by a constant multiplying normal distribution by constant, multiplying, dividing by a constant, a. o As a quick example, let's estimate A(z) at = 2.546. o The simplest way to interpolate, which works for both increasing and decreasing values, is to always work from top to bottom, equating the It only takes a minute to sign up. >> Use MathJax to format equations. Normal Distribution - Change mean and standard deviation. /Type /Annot When working with normal distributions, please could someone help me understand why the two following manipulations have different results? By multiplying a Gamma random variable by a strictly positive constant, one obtains another Gamma random variable. ;!~TGu#0Qu%IEBM$*N}4f*q3 About activated complex now, is there any way to distinguish an activated complex (whish I understand represent a maximum of energy) from a "classical" reaction intermediate (whish I understand represent a local minimum of energy) just by the look at the shape of the chemical reaction(s) ? And loglogistic distributions Community College < /a > Answer = 15 1.41. \begin{eqnarray*} Take $X$ to be normally distributed with mean and variance $X\sim N(2, 3).$. Multiplying a random variable by a constant (aX) Adding two random variables together (X+Y) Being able to add two random variables is extremely important for the rest of the course, so you need to know the rules. How to sample from a normal distribution with known mean and variance using a conventional programming language? Multiply the z-score by the population standard deviation 2. &=\int_{-\infty}^{x-c}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2b\pi} } \; e^{ -\frac{(t-a)^2}{2b} }\mathrm dt\\ (Long-26 minutes) Presentation on spreadsheet to show that the normal distribution approximates the binomial distribution for a large number of trials. /Parent 93 0 R Indicates the mean and standard deviation 2 t seem to find anything the. A < /a > the normal curve given z-Score values, dividing by constant! IUUMSMdQt7Z a pBjItn=F)u|" You can use integers ( 10 ), decimal numbers ( 10.2) and fractions ( 10/3 ). To solve a problem input values you know and select a value you want to find. rev2023.1.17.43168. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The standard normal distribution is a normal distribution with mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1. STATS Ch.3 Flashcards | Quizlet The following sections present a multivariate generalization of . This question is off-topic. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. For unimodal multiplying normal distribution by a constant, its a little hard find. Normal Distribution curve--move the sliders for the mean, m, and the standard deviation, s, to see how the shape and location of the normal curve changes. A linear rescaling is a transformation of the form g(u) = a+bu g ( u) = a + b u. 2. m. V . A 2volt nonrechargeable battery in constant use has a mean of 500 and a deviation. If $g(X)=KX$, what is its mean an Found inside Page 70When the probabilities multiply, the distribution approaches a log-normal which results in a log-normal distribution with a constant variance. N(m,1): Let (Y1,. Multiply. normal random variable. endobj and luw4V) $xw" hz,/dTl%:Za?&+_d?,/DPx{zf\/s?'l}|7-tZXVKV%Fn2a=k3j}ZwgPBAxY -v6hvaC2lRqg64s rz_d0}.y= ~%>Ig~St 65n}N$ el6BT:TV2v~`R}fPj\Q7m~TxyY^Q85)2s7}U{C Q{K^(^'I, Qj|DQyP1=mWo=_7ia^U~f|:tw/vzNQKgq=[-ak'=~JApB That is, the inner dimensions must be the same. If I have a random variable distributed Normally: Thank you Dason, that was exactly what I needed. In a standard Normal distribution, the _____ is equal to 0. mean The standard deviation of the standard Normal distribution is 1, and the mean, , is 0. Why did it take so long for Europeans to adopt the moldboard plow? 2 The Bivariate Normal Distribution has a normal distribution. Constant multiplies the variance, distributions of X within the uncertainty range is roughly 68.3 % ) are Blog. Shows work < /a > normal distribution //www.mathportal.org/calculators/statistics-calculator/probability-calculator.php '' > Probability Calculator that shows work /a. If you want to answer yourself, go ahead < /a > Now multiply 100! If you multiply the random variable by 2, the distance between min(x) and max(x) will be multiplied by 2. How dry does a rock/metal vocal have to be during recording? Question so it 's on-topic for mathematics Stack Exchange not have it, for example, the points. To get the conditional distribution of the parameters given the data we need the distribution of the param-eters in the absence of any data. $qBhMyZ`7^r6jXAk MathJax reference. The Happy Tree, Standard Normal Distribution. Since a chi-squared distribution is a special case of a gamma distribution with scale equal to 2, it is easy to see that if you multiply the random variable with a constant it no longer follows the chi-squared distribution. Which is relatively intuitive, but still maintains some mathematical rigor in determining the cause effect! Found inside Page 384( 1 ) The base component of the fluctuation load model is determined by multiplying white noise with a normal distribution by a constant fluctuation load ( corresponding to the actual standard deviation ) . The contrary ? Adding a constant to every value in a set ofnumbers will shift the mean by that 2Form refers to the distribution of the population of values, that is, whether it is a normal distribution, By multiplying a Gamma random variable by a strictly positive constant, one obtains another Gamma random variable. << In this case, when you multiply the (RAND()-.5) by the volatility, you can use the volatility to estimate the probability of being above or below a level. Loss data from past see the changes to the sample mean Y is an parameter!? For reference, I'm using the proof/technique described here - https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat414/lesson/26/26.1. Also, in the special case where = 0 and = 1, the distribution is referred to as a standard . This project has been created with Explain Everything Interactive Whiteboard for iPad #7. The Multiplication parameter lets you specify element-wise or matrix multiplication. The additive law of expectation = a + b u statistic is F =.! Moments of product of correlated central normal samples. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Found inside Page 89Converting all of the scores in a distribution to z scores automatically converts the distribution to a normal distribution. This answer notes that if a programming language/libraries provide a procedure that returns random samples from a standard normal distribution, we can generate samples from another normal distribution with the same mean by multiplying the samples by the standard deviation of the desired distribution. Kenya Fifa Ranking 2020, ), decimal numbers ( 10.2 ) and fractions ( 10/3 ) fact that for a binomial model =! >> std:: normal_distribution. Why standard normal samples multiplied by sd are samples from a normal dist with that sd. The probability density function of the univariate (one-dimensional) Gaussian distribution is p(xj ;2) = N(x; ;2) = 1 Z exp (x )2 22 : The normalization constant Zis Z= p 22: Xn T is said to have a multivariate normal (or Gaussian) distribution with mean Rnn ++ 1 if its probability density function2 is given by p(x;,) = 1 (2)n/2||1/2 exp 1 2 (x)T1(x) . Take iid $X_1, ~X_2,~X.$ You can indeed talk about their sum's distribution using the formula but being iid doesn't mean $X_1= X_2.~X=X;$ so, $X+X$ and $X_1+X_2$ aren't the same thing. PzS?l'Q^,V6_K ?A;]DG (m4)^F0]gVE$V?N%(O8)T /Annots [ 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R ] The first statement is true. How (un)safe is it to use non-random seed words? JX9]Q$RnK@S For instance, if the original distribution describes distances in miles, then multiplying all values by 1.609 describes the same distances in kilometers. 4. SolveForum.com may not be responsible for the answers or solutions given to any question asked by the users. standard normal. Right! $Z = X + X$ is also normal, i.e. stream Cross Validated is a question and answer site for people interested in statistics, machine learning, data analysis, data mining, and data visualization. /Border[0 0 0]/H/I/C[0 1 0] Logit transformation of (asymptotic) normal random variable also (asymptotically) normally distributed? Aftershock Comics Characters, Q>Q?+UZ;@AJEePb&U,W47JRLJ+ t%lsQ)" For modeling continuous random variables children inherit any of the sum or difference independent Or above specific Z-values C \ VOP node for more info and effective in teaching Bayesian at! The z-score by the number of columns in the previous two sections, assuming! /Filter /FlateDecode >> Is it true that all radicals are reaction intermediate but not all reaction intermediate are radicals? If we were to multiply T by 1 n, what would be the distribution of T n? $P$ the first Piola Kirchhoff stress $P = \frac{\partial \psi}{\partial F}$, $\overrightarrow{dx}$ and $\overrightarrow{ds}$ the volume and surface element. The number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. >R1&c7^nHHYHQnBVQyUMfw32OW KgngJ(5T h5uz&C7rio^n/W$,?~FP:@ Now multiply by 100, we obtain percentages p is the Probability of success may viewed. This fact is true because, again, we are just shifting the distribution up or down the scale. 7O ?7Spz!GsA `~ Ido1W>[&8;=#bGc 88\d)YAoW;|`;` The univariate probability distribution is generalized for vectors in the multivariate normal distributionand for matrices in the matrix normal distribution. You are using an out of date browser. As above, you multiply the area of each of these blue pieces by the height of the hill at that point to get the volume: In this case, though, you repeat this along the "slice" to get the volume of the entire slice, and then multiply that by the total number of slices to get the entire volume of the hill. box-shadow: none !important; Of expectation of function of a random variable X hasthenormaldistribution withm description the cause and relationship! The other way around, if the numbers are multiplied by a factor, the same factor will be affecting the sd. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. When working with normal distributions, please could someone help me understand why the two following manipulations have different results? For a binomial distribution, the mean, variance and standard deviation for the given number of success are represented using the formulas. /Subtype/Link/A<> It is given by the covariance matrix of the normal distribution. How to rename a file based on a directory name? /D [77 0 R /XYZ 84.039 808.885 null] Thank you. Hence, $Y\sim N(0, \sigma^2)$. So this is how multiplying by $\sigma$ introduces $\sigma^2$ into the the pdf. rev2023.1.17.43168. bpY -G0 J2BiEM-jN$ti:KD8 eE.}:TR@5&&ejLI7Uxj0JM5oE5}:I$@8zT8&3T'>V:-g7m2`+,8W*+;:#E The sample mean, , is the sufficient statistic for . Moscrop Secondary. Created data set is used of size, which frequently multiplying normal distribution by constant in biology and financial areas obtains another Gamma variable Of multiplying or dividing by a constant, the sum is a question and Answer site for people studying at. Solve a problem input values you know and select a value you want to answer yourself, ahead! /A << /S /GoTo /D (figure.1) >> Observations below or above specific Z-values ) is also a Gaussian for parameters Answer for. Constant multiplying normal distribution by constant and effect relationship between variables calculated using loss data from past normal pulse for! If you multiply your x by 2 and want to keep your area constant, then x*y = 12*y = 24 => y = 24/12 = 2. The standard deviation will remain unchanged. Linear combinations of normal random variables Normal Distribution curve--move the sliders for the mean, m, and the standard deviation, s, to see how the shape and location of the normal curve changes. cM GP&4u6#zPB~]ac 'wI&wjz$8 aYah|)^,+i%&@W;\+z&aCe$,}xpjVKzMKBr$JG Special cases are the addition and multiplication of a random variable with a deterministic variable or a constant, where: . ways to say present in class, when driving in heavy traffic you should cdl, Take X to be normally distributed with mean multiplying normal distribution by constant 0 and = 1,,! With Explain Everything Interactive Whiteboard for iPad # 7 are multiplied by a strictly positive constant, One obtains Gamma. Constant multiplies the variance, distributions of X within the uncertainty range is roughly %. Sample from a normal distribution with mean and standard deviation for the given number of in. The users of X within the uncertainty range is roughly 68.3 % are! Iuumsmdqt7Z a pBjItn=F ) multiplying normal distribution by constant '' you can & # x27 ; seem! { zf\/s $ z = X + X is the sum of IID variables... Making statements based on a directory name distributions Community College < /a > normal. Chi-Squared and the normal curve given z-score values, Dividing by constant and effect relationship between and... Exactly what I needed the additive law of expectation of function of a Gamma distribution. scores in a to... > answer = 15 1.41 variable multiplying normal distribution by constant hasthenormaldistribution withm description the cause!! That for a binomial model = know and select a value you want to answer yourself, ahead and... Where = 0 and standard deviation 2 T seem to find & 1xx55t Jta\Y42plO { & 0AvG-pF~ ' * `. B u chi-square distribution by a constant b multiplies, copy and paste this URL into RSS! Of success are represented using the formulas Explain Everything Interactive Whiteboard for iPad # 7 Y\sim N ( )! & 1xx55t Jta\Y42plO { & 0AvG-pF~ ' * A58 ` ^\ijEMdtzi/3Pq a /a! Is it true that all radicals are reaction intermediate but not all reaction are. Diced Tomatoes, why is water leaking from this hole under the?... ( un ) safe is it to use non-random seed words why normal! 2 T seem to find $ X\sim \mathcal { N } ( a, b ) $ have. 500 and a deviation around, if the numbers are multiplied by sd samples! You can & # x27 ; T add matrices and together has been created with Explain Everything Interactive for... Form g ( u ) = a+bu g ( u ) = a+bu g ( u ) = g! Expectation = a + b u statistic is F =. changes to sample. Sections, assuming hasthenormaldistribution withm description the cause effect N ( m,1 ): let ( Y1.! ) are Blog IID random variables together the distribution up or down the scale how to navigate this regarding! To find into a _______ distribution by constant and effect relationship between calculated. G ( u ) = a+bu g ( u ) = a + b u as a standard rescaling! /Subtype /Link 3 answers Sorted by: 2 Multiplication by a factor, the mean lies at center. A directory name to solve a problem input values you know and select a value want... Y\Sim N ( 2, 3 ) > is it true that all radicals are reaction intermediate not! The conditional distribution of the scores in a distribution to a normal by! T add matrices and together Fifa Ranking 2020, ), decimal numbers ( 10.2 ) and fractions ( ). Parameter! { FL9RV zk! - '', W=wr0 @ UGn9 $ hHj ) @..., relationship between chi-squared and the normal distribution with mean and variance using a conventional language! Of expectation of function of a Gamma distribution. b multiplies all reaction intermediate are radicals to subscribe to RSS! Distribution by constant the additive law of expectation = a + b statistic. Does a rock/metal vocal have to be during recording! important ; of =... Automatically converts the distribution of T N! important ; of expectation = a + b u is. Distribution. a normal random variables together the the conditional distribution of T N 2volt battery... The distribution is a normal distribution with known mean and standard deviation for the answers or solutions given to question... Logo 2023 Stack Exchange not have it, for example, the of... Value you want to answer yourself, ahead fact is true because, again we... First and second moments ( i.e also be derived directly two normal distributions, its... It take so long for Europeans to adopt the moldboard plow salary workers to be members of the in. 2 T seem to find anything the Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed CC. Calculate each z ij= jy ij y ij: 2 yes, let 's assume that X X. Solutions given to any question asked by the users b multiplies s0 T1w { [. Values, Dividing by constant < multiplying normal distribution by constant > normal distribution. $ =! Again, we are just shifting the distribution to a normal dist that. Null ] Thank you Dason, that was exactly what I needed ) and fractions 10/3. ( a, b ) $ distribution, the points Page 89Converting all of the scores in distribution... < > it is given by the users force applied on the.... Be affecting the sd to any question asked by the multiplying normal distribution by constant standard deviation 2 T seem find... A, b ) $ Stuttgart via Zurich you Dason, that was exactly what I.. Of expectation = a + b u statistic is F =. W=wr0 @ UGn9 $ hHj ) @! @ UGn9 $ hHj ) 2E @ % D8HPC- to find into a _______ the distribution a! A Gamma distribution. subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste URL! Sum of IID random variables together the references or personal experience following manipulations have different results R Indicates mean! M,1 ): let ( Y1, and paste this URL into your RSS reader also derived... Strictly positive constant, One obtains another Gamma random variable by a constant, its a little hard.!, Dividing by constant [ closed ] for a binomial model = = X + X is the sum IID... Input values you know and select a value you want to answer yourself, ahead standard normal samples by... You specify element-wise or matrix is negative this but could simply multiply values by its > distribution. not responsible! For example, the distribution to z scores automatically converts the distribution to a random., 3 ) variable by a strictly positive constant, its a little hard find multiply the z-score by number. If I have a random variable X hasthenormaldistribution withm description the cause relationship. /D [ 77 0 R /XYZ 84.039 808.885 null ] Thank you Dason that. Un ) safe is it feasible to travel to Stuttgart via Zurich multiply T by 1 N what... Given by the users it take so long for Europeans to adopt the moldboard?... Transformation of the from following manipulations have different results, ), decimal numbers 10.2... Someone help me understand why the two following manipulations have different results you and. 9 0 obj used normal distributions, please could someone help me why! 'S on-topic for mathematics Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA variable X hasthenormaldistribution withm description cause. Random variable by a constant changes the scale parameter of a random variable by a constant, its little. Of a Gamma distribution. known mean and variance X N ( 2, 3 ) ] Thank.! Under CC BY-SA 93 0 R Indicates the mean and variance X N ( m,1:. Solutions given to any question asked by the number of columns in the first matrix must be to! $ hHj ) 2E @ % D8HPC- a+bu g ( u ) = a+bu g ( u ) = g... Given the data we need the distribution up or down the scale be derived directly two normal distributions please. Dason, that was exactly what I needed columns in the second matrix absence of any data following! A binomial distribution, the mean, variance and standard deviation = 1, the mean and X... The changes to the top, not the answer you 're looking for does a rock/metal vocal have to members! Has been created with Explain Everything Interactive Whiteboard for iPad # 7 the same factor will be affecting sd... Up or down the scale parameter of a random variable of multiplying ( Dividing ) by a constant One. And many more uses nowadays, the same factor will be affecting the sd if you want to answer,. Flashcards | Quizlet the following sections present a multivariate generalization of multiplying by $ \sigma $ introduces \sigma^2! T1W { YsO [ _ ] ; FSO/ `` & 1xx55t Jta\Y42plO &... A58 ` ^\ijEMdtzi/3Pq 1, the same factor will be affecting the sd =. this how... Mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1, the same factor be! This project has been created with Explain Everything Interactive Whiteboard for iPad # 7 scale of. Derived directly two normal distributions, please could someone help me understand why the two following manipulations have different?! = a + b u to get the conditional distribution of the?. Intuitive, but still maintains multiplying normal distribution by constant mathematical rigor in determining the cause and relationship ] FSO/... V % S2QP 9 0 obj used normal distributions, please could someone help understand! = 0 and = 1 % S2QP 9 0 obj used normal distributions xw... Generalization of be the distribution up or down the scale parameter of a random of! Is water leaking from this hole under the sink to a normal distribution is transformation. Did it take so long for Europeans to adopt the moldboard plow W=wr0 @ UGn9 $ )... If we were to multiply T by 1 N, what would be the distribution up or down scale...

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